President Xi Jinping Attended the Opening Ceremony of the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum and Delivered a Keynote Address
On the morning of May 13, President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony of the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the Forum of China and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States at the China National Convention Center and delivered a keynote address. President Xi announced that China stands ready to join hands with its Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) partners to launch five programs that advance shared development and revitalization, and contribute to a China-LAC community with a shared future.On this vibrant early summer morning, with the national flags of China and LAC countries and the flags of relevant regional organizations billowing together at the China National Convention Center, President Xi cordially shook hands and took a group photo with President Gustavo Petro of Colombia which holds the current CELAC presidency, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Chilean President Gabriel Boric and heads of delegations from LAC countries and regional organizations.Amid warm applause, President Xi delivered a keynote address entitled "Writing a New Chapter in Building a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future."President Xi recalled attending the opening ceremony of the First Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum in Beijing in 2015 together with LAC delegates, which marked the launch of the China-CELAC Forum, and noted the development of the Forum over the past 10 years from a tender sapling into a towering tree with dedicated nurturing of both sides. He reviewed progress in the following aspects: Standing shoulder to shoulder and supporting each other, LAC countries that have diplomatic ties with China have been consistently committed to the one-China principle, and China firmly supports LAC countries in pursuing development paths suited to their national conditions, safeguarding sovereignty and independence, and opposing external interference. Riding the tide of progress together to pursue win-win cooperation and embracing the trend of economic globalization, the two sides have deepened cooperation in trade, investment, finance, science and technology, infrastructure, and many other fields and carried out high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. Uniting in tough times to conquer challenges through mutual support, China and LAC countries have collaborated on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and on joint response to hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural disasters as well as the pandemic of the century. Upholding solidarity and coordination and rising to global challenges with resolve, China and LAC countries champion true multilateralism, uphold international fairness and justice, advance global governance reform, and promote multipolarization of the world and greater democracy in international relations. President Xi said facts have shown that China and LAC countries are advancing hand in hand as a community with a shared future, and this community is founded upon equality, powered by mutual benefit and win-win, invigorated by openness and inclusiveness, and dedicated to the people's well-being, exhibiting enduring vitality and holding immense promise.President Xi stressed that the century-defining transformation is accelerating across the globe, with multiple risks compounding one another, which makes unity and cooperation among nations indispensable for safeguarding global peace and stability and for promoting global development and prosperity. He said that there are no winners in tariff wars or trade wars, and bullying or hegemonism only leads to self-isolation. Pointing to the fact that China and LAC countries are important members of the Global South, he said that independence and autonomy is their glorious tradition, development and revitalization is their inherent right, and fairness and justice is their common pursuit. President Xi expressed China's readiness to join hands with LAC partners to launch five programs that advance shared development and revitalization, and contribute to a China-LAC community with a shared future.?The first is Solidarity Program. China will work with LAC countries to continue to support each other on issues bearing on their respective core interests and major concerns, firmly safeguard the international system with the U.N. at its core and the international order underpinned by international law, and to speak with one voice in international and regional affairs. In the next three years, China will invite 300 members from political parties of CELAC member states every year to visit China.The second is Development Program. China will work with LAC countries to implement the Global Development Initiative. They will resolutely uphold the multilateral trading system, ensure stable, unimpeded global industrial and supply chains, and promote an international environment of openness and cooperation. They will foster greater synergy between their development strategies and expand high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. China will increase imports of quality products from LAC countries, and encourage its enterprises to expand investment in the LAC region.The third is Civilization Program. China will work with LAC countries to implement the Global Civilization Initiative. They should uphold the vision of equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness between civilizations, and champion humanity's common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom. They should enhance China-LAC civilizational exchanges and mutual learning, including through a conference on China-LAC inter-civilizational dialogue.The fourth is Peace Program. China will work with LAC countries to implement the Global Security Initiative. The two sides will cooperate more closely in disaster governance, cybersecurity, counterterrorism, anti-corruption, narcotics control and combating transnational organized crime so as to safeguard security and stability in the region.The fifth is People-to-People Connectivity Program. In the next three years, China will provide CELAC member states with 3,500 government scholarships, 10,000 training opportunities in China, 500 International Chinese Language Teachers Scholarships, 300 training opportunities for poverty reduction professionals, and 1,000 funded placements through the Chinese Bridge program. China will initiate 300 "small and beautiful" livelihood projects, and support CELAC member states in developing Chinese language education. China will implement a visa exemption for five LAC countries as the first step, and will expand this policy coverage at proper times.President Xi concluded by emphasizing that no matter how the world changes, China will always stand by LAC countries as a good friend and a good partner, march forward together with them on the paths toward modernization, and work together with them to write a new chapter in building a China-LAC community with a shared future.Colombian President and the current CELAC president Gustavo Petro, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Chilean President Gabriel Boric, and President of the New Development Bank and former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff also delivered addresses. The Special Representative of President Yamandú Orsi of Uruguay, the incoming CELAC president, read a congratulatory message from his president. They spoke highly of the fruitful outcomes of the CELAC-China Forum in the past decade and expressed appreciation for China's great contribution to advancing LAC-China cooperation and economic and social development in Latin America. They reiterated their commitment to the one-China principle, and commended President Xi's proposals of building a community with a shared future for mankind, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative for opening up bright prospects for world peace, prosperity and progress. They agreed that in a world full of uncertainties, LAC countries and China should work together in solidarity, keep moving forward in building an LAC-China community with a shared future, and jointly create a bright future for LAC-China cooperation. They believe the two sides should uphold mutual respect and firmly support each other in standing up for their sovereignty and independently chosen development paths; further synergize development strategies of Latin American countries with the Belt and Road Initiative, and advance cooperation in trade, investment, infrastructure, agriculture, science and technology, new energy and education for the benefit of both sides; facilitate exchanges and dialogue among civilizations and enhance mutual understanding and affinity between their peoples; and resolutely uphold the authority of the U.N., safeguard global and regional peace and stability, support multilateralism and free trade, oppose unilateralism, protectionism, power politics and bullying, and protect the common interests of counties in the Global South.At noon, President Xi held a welcoming banquet for the leaders of LAC countries and heads of delegations.Cai Qi and Yin Li were present at the events.Wang Yi moderated the opening ceremony.
Xi Jinping Attends the?Celebrations Marking the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
On May 9, 2025 local time, Russia held grand celebrations to mark the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. President Xi Jinping and leaders from over 20 countries and international organizations around the world, upon invitation,?attended?the?events.Moscow in May is lush with greenery and flowers in full bloom, with Victory Day flags fluttering in the breeze. The magnificent Red Square is filled with a solemn and majestic atmosphere of the celebrations.Xi Jinping arrived at the Kremlin, where he was warmly greeted with a friendly handshake by Russian President Vladimir Putin. President Xi Jinping and President Vladimir Putin then walked together to the Red Square?and?took their seats at the main reviewing stand.At 10:00 a.m., as the chimes of the Kremlin clock rang, the celebrations began. As the military band played "The Sacred War", the honor guards marched in, escorting the national flag of Russia and the Victory Banner of?the Great Patriotic War.President Vladimir Putin delivered a speech, stating that the Soviet Union defended peace and freedom for all humanity at the cost of tens of millions of lives. He said, "We will forever remember the moment of victory?and?carry forward the legacy of our forefathers. We will?stand united and always uphold the sacred glory". Vladimir Putin?said the Chinese people fought bravely, and he highly commended their contributions?to forging a shared future for mankind.?He said, "We will remember?the history of World War II and draw lessons from?it.?Victory is sacred, history must not be distorted, and the dignity of the victors must not be undermined. History and justice are always on our side."Following Vladimir Putin's speech, the grand military parade began as the military band played the Russian national anthem and gun salutes echoed across the Red Square. Marching in unison, troop formations participating in the parade passed through the square one after another.?In the "historical" part of the parade, Russian service members, dressed in uniforms from the era of the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War, marched with high morale as they held high the military flags and firmly carried weapons of that time, evoking memories of the years of resistance against fascism.?In the "modern" part, formations of Russia's various military branches and modern weaponry units lined up in precise order and passed by the reviewing stand. The Russian Aerospace Forces' flight formations roared overhead, soaring across the skies above the Red Square, as the stirring melody of "Victory Day" echoed throughout the square.?Armed forces formations from more than 10 countries, including China, were also invited to participate in the parade.?The guard of honor of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with dignified bearing and high morale, marched across the Red Square in firm and orderly steps.Following the celebrations, Xi?Jinping, along with other leaders, walked from the Red Square to Alexander Garden, where they laid flowers at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and observed a moment of silence.?The leaders then took a group photo.At noon?on the same day, President Xi Jinping attended a banquet hosted by President Vladimir Putin in celebration of the 80th anniversary of the?Victory in the Great Patriotic War?of the Soviet Union.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others attended the above activities.
Xi Jinping Meets with Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico
On the evening of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Xi Jinping pointed out that promoting the all-round, in-depth, and high-level development of China-Slovakia relations serves the fundamental interests of both peoples and accords with the historical trend of openness, cooperation, and mutual benefit. Xi Jinping said that the important common understandings they reached during Robert Fico's visit to China last November are being actively implemented, and the China-Slovakia strategic partnership has moved into a "fast lane". Both sides should continue to deepen traditional friendship, expand exchanges and cooperation in various fields, pursue high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and promote the steady and sustained development of China-Slovakia relations and China-Europe relations. China welcomes Slovakia's participation as the guest of honor at the 4th China-CEEC Expo, which will help boost exports of high-quality Slovak products to China. China is glad to see more Chinese enterprises invest and do business in Slovakia. China is ready to work with Slovakia and other countries to strengthen solidarity and cooperation in addressing challenges and upholding international fairness and justice. Xi Jinping expressed the hope that Slovakia will play a constructive role in promoting the sound and steady development of China-EU relations.Robert Fico said that deepening the Slovakia-China strategic partnership is among the top priorities of Slovakia's foreign policy. Slovakia will firmly adhere to the one-China policy, actively advance friendship and mutually beneficial cooperation with China, enhance trade and investment cooperation, strengthen people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and push for greater development of bilateral relations. Noting that a sound and stable EU-China relationship serves the common interests of both sides, Robert Fico said that Slovakia is committed to promoting the development of EU-China relations. Slovakia supports major initiatives proposed by China, such as building a community with a shared future for mankind, and appreciates China's positions on and constructive role in issues related to Ukraine and the Middle East. The Slovak side is willing to join hands with China to uphold multilateralism, safeguard free trade rules, and maintain the stability of global industrial and supply chains.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
Xi Jinping Meets with Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro Moros
On the evening of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro Moros in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Xi Jinping pointed out, China and Venezuela are good partners of mutual trust and common development. The two sides have forged an ironclad friendship amid the evolving international landscape. Since the two countries elevated bilateral relations to an all-weather strategic partnership in 2023, exchanges across various fields and at all levels have been vigorous, with continuous growth in bilateral trade and new progress in investment cooperation and people-to-people exchanges. The China-Venezuela friendship has become more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. China has always viewed and developed relations with Venezuela from a strategic and long-term perspective. It will, as always, firmly support Venezuela in safeguarding state sovereignty, national dignity and social stability. China is ready to work with Venezuela to enhance the exchange of governance experiences, continue to deepen practical cooperation in various areas and take bilateral relations to new heights, so as to deliver more benefits to the two peoples. China is ready to work with Venezuela and other Latin American countries to firmly uphold the U.N.-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law, and promote the steady and sustained progress in building a community with a shared future between China and Latin America and the Caribbean.Nicolás Maduro Moros said, China is a great friend of Venezuela, expressing his gratitude for China's longstanding and selfless support in safeguarding Venezuela's national sovereignty and advancing its economic and social development. Venezuela is looking forward to strengthening its all-weather strategic partnership with China and deepening cooperation in trade, energy, agriculture, science and technology, education and other fields for more tangible results, so as to deliver more benefits to the two peoples. Noting that President Xi Jinping's vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind has opened up bright prospects for world peace and development, Nicolás Maduro Moros said, Venezuela is ready to strengthen coordination and cooperation with China to uphold multilateralism, defend international fairness and justice, and safeguard the common interests of the international community.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
Xi Jinping Meets with President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez
On the afternoon of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Xi Jinping pointed out that in recent years, he has held multiple meetings with Comrade President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez and jointly led China-Cuba relations into a new stage featuring deeper political mutual trust, closer strategic coordination and stronger public support. This year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cuba. China is ready to work with Cuba to further strengthen their ironclad friendship, build a closer China-Cuba community with a shared future, and set an example of solidarity and cooperation between socialist countries and sincere interaction between developing countries. Both sides should enhance exchanges at all levels and deepen cooperation across the board, so that high-level political mutual trust will remain a defining feature of the relationships between the two parties and the two countries. China firmly supports Cuba in upholding its national sovereignty, opposing external interference and blockade, and advancing its economic and social development. As important members of the Global South, the two sides should strengthen coordination and cooperation within such frameworks as BRICS and the China-CELAC Forum, jointly oppose power politics, unilateralism and bullying, and uphold international fairness and justice.Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez said that Cuba and China are close friends and brothers. Cuba appreciates China's long-standing and strong support for Cuba's economic and social development. Cuba firmly adheres to the one-China principle and is willing to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with China, enhance people-to-people friendly exchanges, strengthen coordination and collaboration in international and regional affairs, and advance the building of a community with a shared future, so as to promote greater development of bilateral relations. The Cuban side supports the three major global initiatives and is willing to work with China to oppose unilateralism and protectionism and safeguard the common interests of the international community.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
Xi Jinping Meets with Myanmar's Leader Min Aung Hlaing
On the afternoon of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Myanmar's leader Min Aung Hlaing in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Xi Jinping pointed out that China and Myanmar has established a community with a shared future featuring mutual assistance through thick and thin. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Bandung Spirit jointly advocated by China and Myanmar have stood the test of time, with their relevance becoming increasingly prominent. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. China pursues a policy of fostering an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood, follows the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and shares the same destiny with its neighbors. China will work with Myanmar to deepen the building of a community with a shared future, jointly advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, deliver on the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, and bring more benefits to the people of the two countries. Not long ago, in the aftermath of the severe earthquake in Mandalay that caused significant casualties and property damage, China moved the fastest to send rescue teams and emergency humanitarian supplies and China will continue supporting Myanmar in reconstruction. China supports Myanmar in pursuing a development path suited to its national conditions, safeguarding sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national stability, and advancing its domestic political agenda in a prudent manner. Both sides should deepen strategic cooperation and continuously promote the construction of key projects in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. It is hoped that the Myanmar side will earnestly ensure the safety of Chinese personnel, institutions and projects in Myanmar and intensify efforts to crack down on cross-border crimes such as online gambling and telecom fraud. Both sides should jointly safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries.Min Aung Hlaing said that after Myanmar was hit by the earthquake, China promptly expressed sincere condolences to the Myanmar side, was among the first to provide assistance to Myanmar and supported Myanmar in its disaster relief efforts. This demonstrated the pauk-phaw friendship and true friendship in times of hardship towards Myanmar, which the Myanmar people will always remember. Under the visionary leadership of President Xi Jinping, remarkable achievements have been made in Chinese modernization. Myanmar attaches great importance to its relations with China and is willing to always be a friendly neighbor worthy of China's trust. The Myanmar side is committed to promoting cooperation between the two countries in economic, trade, energy and other fields, and will spare no effort to ensure the safety of Chinese projects and personnel in Myanmar. The Myanmar side highly appreciates the three major global initiatives proposed by China and the vision of building a community with a shared future with neighboring countries, and is ready to join hands with China to address common challenges.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
Xi Jinping Meets with Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i?
On the afternoon of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i? in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Noting his successful state visit to Serbia last May, Xi Jinping pointed out that over the past year, the building of a China-Serbia community with a shared future in the new era has got off to a good start with notable achievements. As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at an accelerated pace across the world amid multiple overlapping risks and challenges, China and Serbia should maintain strategic resolve, concentrate on managing their own affairs well, carry forward the ironclad friendship, deepen and expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote the building of a China-Serbia community with a shared future with high quality. China is ready to work with Serbia to deepen strategic communication, enhance mutual support, strengthen cooperation in trade and investment, continue supporting the construction and operation of relevant projects, give full play to their demonstrative effect, and achieve more outcomes that deliver mutual benefits and win-win results.Xi Jinping stressed that 80 years ago, the peoples of China and Serbia made important contributions to the victory on the Asian and European battlefields in the World Anti-Fascist War, respectively. China is ready to work with all countries in the world, including Serbia, to unite and cooperate to meet challenges, jointly safeguard world peace and international fairness and justice, safeguard the achievements of economic globalization, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.Aleksandar Vu?i? said that China is Serbia's most precious friend, consistently offering selfless support and assistance to help Serbia develop its economy and improve the well-being of its people. Serbia firmly adheres to the one-China principle and always believes that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. Serbia is ready to expand economic and trade exchanges with China. It welcomes more Chinese enterprises to invest and do business in Serbia, and will provide a favorable business environment for them. Aleksandar Vu?i? expressed the hope that China will actively participate in the Specialized Expo 2027 Belgrade. Serbia commends China's steadfast support for multilateralism. China's visions and actions have bolstered the international community's courage and confidence in safeguarding common interests. Serbia stands ready to unite with China in addressing the challenges posed by unilateralism and protectionism.Cai Qi and Wang Yi, among others, were present at the meeting.
Joint Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Further Strengthening Cooperation to Uphold the Authority of International Law
1.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm their comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era. They firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its center, the international order based on international law, and the central role of the United Nations in international affairs. They reiterate the 2016 Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Promotion of International law.2.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation?believe that codification and progressive development of international law must take account of?the realities of a multipolar world, primarily within the efforts taken under the aegis of the United Nations. They support widest possible participation of States in UN treaties and uniform?interpretation and application thereof.?They also note the importance of using the potential of regional, subregional and cross-regional multilateral mechanisms, organizations and integration systems such as BRICS or the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, in elaborating norms of international law, if this is in the best interests of the respective region and participating States.3.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm their full commitment to the United Nations Charter, the 1970 Declaration on principles of international law concerning friendly relations and cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations as well as the basic principles of international law enshrined therein in their entirety and interdependence, such as sovereign equality and territorial integrity, non-intervention in the internal affairs of States, refraining from the threat or use of force in international relations, equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the pacific settlement of international disputes, fulfillment of international obligations in good faith, and international cooperation. They are also guided by the principles enshrined in the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The principles of international law are the cornerstone for a multipolar world system,?just and equitable international relations featuring win-win cooperation, creating a community of shared future for mankind, and establishing a common space of equal and indivisible security and economic cooperation.4.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that the principle of sovereign equality is crucial for the stability of international relations. In line with this principle, States enjoy their rights on the basis of independence and on an equal footing, and assume their obligations and responsibilities on the basis of mutual respect.5.?States have the right to participate in the making of, interpreting and applying international law on an equal footing, and have the obligation to comply with international law in good faith and in a coherent and consistent manner. International treaties do not create either obligations or rights for third States without their consent.?Matters not regulated by international treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law.6.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm the principle that States shall refrain from the threat or use of force in violation of the United Nations Charter and therefore condemn unilateral military interventions not based on individual or collective self-defense or Security Council resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.7.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that each country has the?right to choose its development paths and political, economic, cultural?and social system independently in accordance with its national conditions and the will of the people. No model of national development should be regarded as exceptional or superior to others.8. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation oppose and condemn unilateral sanctions that violate international law, in particular the principles of sovereign equality of States, State immunity and non-interference in internal affairs of States, and are not authorized by the Security Council, as well as long-arm jurisdiction and division along ideological lines, and emphasize that States have the right to conduct normal economic and trade cooperation.9.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation fully support the principle of non-intervention in the internal or external affairs of States, and condemn as a violation of this principle any interference by States in the internal affairs of other States, in particular when undertaken with the aim of forging change of legitimate governments. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation condemn extraterritorial application of national law by States not in conformity with international law as another example of violation of the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States.10.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and express their firm conviction that States shall resolve their disputes through dispute settlement means and mechanisms that they have agreed upon. All means of settlement of disputes should serve the goal of resolving disputes in a peaceful manner in accordance with applicable international law, thus leading to de-escalation of tensions and promotion of peaceful cooperation among disputing parties. This applies equally to all types and stages of dispute settlement, including political and diplomatic means when they serve a pre-requisite to the use of other mechanisms of dispute settlement. It is crucial for the maintenance of international legal order that all dispute settlement means and mechanisms are based on consent and used in good faith and in the spirit of cooperation, and their purposes shall not be undermined by abusive practices.11.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that good faith implementation of generally recognized principles and rules of international law excludes the practice of double standards or imposition by some States of their will on other States, and oppose actions that violate the legitimate rights and interests of other countries and undermine the peace and stability under a false pretense of “rule of law” or a “rules-based order”. The adoption of unilateral coercive measures by States in addition to measures adopted by the United Nations Security Council can defeat the objects and purposes of measures imposed by the Security Council, and undermine their integrity and effectiveness.12.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as a global threat that undermines the international order based on international law. To counter this threat requires collective action in full accordance with international law, including the United Nations Charter.13.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation assert that international obligations regarding immunity of States, their officials and State property, including but not limited to property of the central bank or other monetary authority of State, diplomatic and consular property, cultural heritage of the State, must be honored by States at all times.?14.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation respect the rules of international law providing for the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction. They emphasize that under customary international law officials representing the State or exercising State functions enjoy immunity?ratione materiae?with respect to acts performed in an official capacity, while senior officials of States, including persons holding the offices of the Head of State, the Head of Government and the Foreign Minister, also enjoy absolute immunity ratione personae.?The purpose of immunity of State officials is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance of their official functions as persons representing States. Violations of these rules contradict the principle of sovereign equality of States and may contribute to escalation of tensions.15.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation recall their commitment to constructive cooperation in the fields of criminal justice, law enforcement and security. National and multilateral mechanisms of criminal justice must not be abused for narrow political purposes to the detriment of international relations and the rights of States guaranteed by international law.?With this in mind, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation?undertake to safeguard the immunity of each other's officials from their criminal jurisdiction under international law. In accordance with their respective treaty obligations and internal regulations, they refrain from assisting third parties, including third States and multilateral bodies, in exercising criminal jurisdiction over each other's?nationals in violation of generally recognized norms of international law. In particular, they will take full account of the immunity of each other's officials when considering requests for extradition or legal assistance made by third parties. They may continue the dialogue on this matter and carry out concrete cooperation through diplomatic channels.16.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation call for continued efforts to strengthen the system of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties?and at preserving its integrity and validity for maintaining global stability and international peace and security which is in the strongest interest of humankind. They emphasize the need to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency as well as the consensus-based nature of the relevant multilateral instruments in the field of disarmament, WMD non-proliferation and arms control.17.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation recall the Chinese-Russian proposal?of the?draft Treaty on?Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space?and of?the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects and confirm the need to launch urgently on its basis of the negotiations on development of a multilateral legally binding instrument that would provide fundamental and solid guarantees for?the prevention of an arms race in outer space, placement of weapons in outer space, the threat or use of force against outer space objects. They also reaffirm the need to comply with and strengthen the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (BTWC), including by its institutionalization and adopting a legally binding protocol to the BTWC providing for, inter alia, an efficient verification mechanism.18. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation emphasize the important role of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in maintaining the rule of law relating to activities in the Oceans. It is of utmost importance that provisions of this universal treaty are applied consistently, in such a manner that does not impair rights and legitimate interests of States Parties and does not compromise the integrity of the legal regime established by the Convention.19. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm that international cooperation to address climate change and other global challenges should continue upholding true multilateralism. They consider that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement serve as the basis of climate change cooperation, and call on the Parties to stay committed to their purposes and principles, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.20. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation emphasize their joint commitment to plastic pollution prevention and control, support the conclusion of an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, and agree that the content of the instrument shall respect the country-driven approach and be?in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and respective obligations under international environmental treaties.21. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm that international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations, is applicable and essential to maintaining peace and stability and promoting an open, secure, stable, accessible,?peaceful and interoperable?Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) environment. They welcome the adoption of the first ever universal instrument of international law in the field of preventing and combating ICT crime,?the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime; Strengthening International Cooperation for Combating Certain Crimes Committed by Means of Information and Communications Technology Systems and for the Sharing of Evidence in Electronic Form of Serious Crimes. They support an early entry into force of the Convention to enhance international cooperation in preventing and combating ICT crime and a timely elaboration of an additional protocol to the Convention addressing, inter alia, additional criminal offences.?They also recognize that further development of international law in this sphere is required.22. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation oppose using ICTs, in particular?artificial intelligence technologies, for the purposes of manipulating public opinion, spreading disinformation, intervening in other countries' internal affairs, social systems and social order, as well as jeopardizing the sovereignty of other States. They emphasize that artificial intelligence systems throughout their life cycle should be human-centric, reliable, explainable, ethical, inclusive, and based on applicable international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations.23.?In line with their relationship of the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation are resolved to further enhance their cooperation, including the promotion of equal and universal good faith interpretation and implementation of international law, to ensure the broadest possible support for the principles and rules of international law as expressed in this Declaration. They invite all States and international organizations to uphold these principles and rules and to cooperate in promoting?a just and equitable international relations based on international law, equal and indivisible security and respect for security interests of all States?thus contributing to?the building of a community of shared future for mankind.24.?Having in mind the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Second World War that helped to shape the very structure of relations between nations in the modern age including the founding of the United Nations, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation agree to jointly safeguard the?international system with the United Nations at its core,?the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter,?as well as international fairness and justice.Done at Moscow, on 8 May, 2025.
Xi Jinping Exchanges Congratulatory Messages with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden on the 75th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Sweden
On May 9, 2025, President Xi Jinping exchanged congratulatory messages with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.Xi Jinping noted that Sweden was one of the first European countries to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Over the past 75 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, China-Sweden relations have remained generally stable, with continued expansion and positive outcomes in bilateral cooperation in economy and trade, science and technology, education, and people-to-people and cultural exchanges. President Xi Jinping said that he attaches great importance to the development of China-Sweden relations and is ready to work with King Carl XVI Gustaf to take the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations as a new starting point to guide the two countries to enhance political mutual trust, deepen practical cooperation, strengthen personnel exchanges, jointly uphold multilateralism and free trade, bring more benefit to the two peoples and make greater contributions to world peace and prosperity.King Carl XVI Gustaf said that on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Sweden and China, he expressed sincere wishes for the continuous deepening of Sweden-China close cooperation, saying that he looks forward to the continued development of the friendly relations between the two countries.
